Data and methods
Every number on stox carries a source and a date. This page lists the series behind the tools, how they're built, and where they fall short. Compiled 29 Sep 2026; this is a dated snapshot, and licensed live feeds come before launch.
Year-end series
| Year | KSE-100 | USD/PKR | Gold, Rs per tola | CPI (2015-16 = 100) | Inflation, year avg | Policy rate, year avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 12,022.46 | 85.82 | 45,386* | 71.58 | 12.94% | 12.88% |
| 2011 | 11,347.66 | 89.97 | 53,120* | 78.56 | 11.92% | 13.45% |
| 2012 | 16,905.33 | 97.42 | 62,500 | 84.79 | 9.68% | 11.29% |
| 2013 | 25,261.14 | 105.64 | 47,599* | 92.57 | 7.69% | 9.45% |
| 2014 | 32,131.28 | 100.46 | 45,178* | 96.55 | 7.19% | 9.94% |
| 2015 | 32,816.31 | 104.87 | 41,773* | 99.62 | 2.53% | 7.12% |
| 2016 | 47,806.97 | 104.81 | 45,558* | 103.31 | 3.77% | 5.85% |
| 2017 | 40,471.48 | 110.43 | 53,691* | 108.03 | 4.09% | 5.75% |
| 2018 | 37,066.67 | 138.87 | 66,744* | 114.70 | 5.08% | 7.11% |
| 2019 | 40,735.08 | 154.87 | 88,500 | 130.45 | 10.58% | 11.99% |
| 2020 | 43,755.38 | 159.59 | 113,600 | 140.86 | 9.74% | 8.95% |
| 2021 | 44,596.07 | 176.52 | 125,900 | 158.16 | 9.50% | 7.28% |
| 2022 | 40,420.45 | 226.47 | 184,250 | 196.86 | 19.87% | 13.18% |
| 2023 | 62,451.04 | 281.92 | 219,100 | 255.24 | 30.77% | 20.69% |
| 2024 | 115,126.90 | 278.57 | 281,600 | 265.63 | 12.63% | 19.67% |
| 2025 | 174,054.32 | 280.07 | 464,300 | 280.53 | 3.55% | 11.39% |
| Latest | 169,600.40 | 277.12 | 438,136 | 300.50 | 11.1% YoY | 11.5% now |
* Derived from the London (LBMA) gold price × the dollar rate, where no Karachi quote was found. Latest: KSE-100 and dollar29 Sep 2026; gold 28 Sep 2026; CPI Aug 2026.
Methods and caveats
- The KSE-100 already includes dividends. PSX adds cash dividends back into the index (before withholding tax), so we don't add a dividend yield on top. After tax, an investor received roughly one percentage point a year less.
- Gold: the local sarafa rate usually sits 0–5% above the London price converted at the interbank rate. At the end of 2022 the gap was about 20%, when the local market priced gold at the grey-market dollar.
- The dollar: interbank rates. Open-market dollars cost more, most of all in 2022–23.
- Consumer prices: PBS changed base years in 2011 and 2019; the IMF's linked series smooths the joins, leaving about a 1% level difference from 2019 on.
- Savings: the policy rate, a proxy for T-bills and money-market funds before fees and tax. Before May 2015 it was the reverse-repo ceiling, which runs above market rates. Bank savings paid less.
- US stocks in rupees: a benchmark, not what most Pakistanis could have bought: sending money abroad to invest was restricted.
- Property: Zameen's index is built from asking prices, not sales, and leaves out rent.
Sources
- KSE-100
- Pakistan Stock Exchange; year-end closes via SCS Trade, cross-checked with Wikipedia · dps.psx.com.pk
- US dollar
- BIS end-of-period USD/PKR (IMF/SBP-sourced); SBP revaluation rate for the latest · www.sbp.org.pk
- Gold
- All Pakistan Gems & Jewellers Sarafa Association via gold.pk and Business Recorder; LBMA × USD/PKR where no local quote exists · www.lbma.org.uk
- Consumer prices
- Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, linked across base changes by the IMF (2015-16 = 100) · www.pbs.gov.pk
- Policy rate
- State Bank of Pakistan policy rate history; calendar-year averages computed by stox · www.sbp.org.pk
- National Savings
- Central Directorate of National Savings rate history · savings.gov.pk
- US stocks
- S&P 500 total return index, S&P Dow Jones Indices · www.spglobal.com
- Property
- Zameen.com house price index (asking prices), Lahore · www.zameen.com